Cholestatic liver diseases are a group of disorders that affect the liver’s ability to produce and secrete bile. Bile is a fluid that is produced by the liver and helps with the digestion of fats in the small intestine. When the liver is unable to produce or secrete bile properly, it can lead to a buildup of bile acids in the liver and bloodstream, resulting in cholestasis, or the blockage of bile flow.
There are several types of cholestatic liver diseases, including:

• Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC): PBC is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and damage to the small bile ducts in the liver. This can lead to the accumulation of bile acids in the liver and bloodstream, resulting in itching, fatigue, and jaundice.
  Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC): PSC is a chronic disease that causes inflammation and scarring of the bile ducts, leading to blockages and damage to the liver. It can result in liver failure, cirrhosis, and an increased risk of liver cancer.
• Drug-induced cholestasis: Certain medications, such as antibiotics, antihistamines, and steroids, can cause cholestasis by damaging the liver cells or interfering with the flow of bile.
  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP): ICP is a pregnancy-specific liver disorder that occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy. It is characterized by the buildup of bile acids in the liver and bloodstream, leading to itching, jaundice, and an increased risk of preterm labor and stillbirth.
• Alagille syndrome: Alagille syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects multiple organs, including the liver. It can cause bile duct abnormalities, resulting in cholestasis and liver damage.

Treatment for cholestatic liver diseases depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the disease. In some cases, medications such as ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) or steroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and improve liver function. In severe cases, liver transplantation becomes necessary. It is important to diagnose and treat cholestatic liver diseases early to prevent liver damage and improve outcomes.